Do Seasonal Changes Affect Hormone Balance?

A massive evaluation of blood tests from over 3.5 million patients provides new evidence regarding how our bodies are affected by the changing seasons. While these hormonal changes are clinically significant, they are also relatively small. While other species can experience massive shifts in Hormone Balance due to seasonal patterns, the differences in human beings are much more subtle.

The pituitary gland is the origin point of the series of Hormone Cascades that keep us living and thriving. Other organs associated with Hormone Production, such as the testes, ovaries, and thyroid gland, also experience seasonality. While one might guess that sex hormones are more active in the summer, it appears that these hormones hit their peak late in the winter or early into spring. Testosterone, Progesterone, and Estradiol all fall into this pattern.

The Circadian Rhythm and the Circannual Clock

The human Circadian Rhythm is reasonably well understood. The day-night cycle has a profound effect on the way that our bodies work. However, seasonal cycles remain somewhat of an enigma, to the point that scientists are still searching for undeniable evidence that humans have a seasonal clock. This study offers the most compelling argument that humans have a seasonal biological clock, also known as the Circannual Clock.

This massive blood test analysis is combined with insight from other studies that have suggested that humans function at their healthiest from late spring to early summer. These studies indicate that humans both grow and perform better during this period of the year. This time of year is strongly associated with rebirth and renewal, which may be rooted in biological reality. Studies show that the lead-up to spring is associated with heightened reproductive function, healthier metabolism, lower stress, and optimized growth.

How Does the Human Body Measure the Seasons?

As researchers gather evidence regarding the existence of the Circannual Clock, the next step is to unearth the mechanisms that contribute to these seasonal changes. It's hypothesized that the endocrine system takes feedback from the periphery hormone glands to modulate pituitary activity. Sunlight is known to substantially affect the production of pituitary hormones such as Melatonin, Human Growth Hormone, Vasopressin, and Cortisol.

As humans share evolutionary lineage with all other mammals, it's no surprise that humans are affected by the seasons. In other animals, the changing seasons impact migration, color, growth, activity level, and sexual activity. For example, many animals living in colder climates suppress leptin production during winter to survive. This drop in leptin production drops body temperature and limits energy use, but it also impairs reproduction until spring.

Exploring the Effects of the Seasons on the Endocrine System

One thing that makes studying the Human Circannual Clock challenging is that few studies cover the desired parameters in a single piece of research. Some studies look at sex hormones, and others examine metabolism and stress. Because researchers are stringing together such disparate data sets, it is hard to draw firm conclusions.

This new study, which examines 46 million human years of health data gathered from Israel, overcomes several issues related to previous investigations. Unlike most, it collects data from a huge number of people while also analyzing the full array of hormones produced by humans.

This data trove showed researchers that changing seasons predictably affect Hormone Balance conclusively. However, these changes are not nearly as powerful as those displayed in most other mammals.

It's hard to tell precisely what these changes in Hormone Levels mean for individuals, but researchers have educated guesses in many cases. Thyroid Hormone reaches its highest levels in winter, which is believed to help humans generate body heat. Cortisol levels are shown to peak around February in the Northern Hemisphere.

Studies like this are critically important because they can help doctors accurately diagnose Hormone Imbalances, accurately taking into account the normal range for various hormones at different times of the year. While this research is still in its infancy, learning how our bodies respond to the seasons will undoubtedly benefit society greatly.

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